Dielectric & Electrical Tests

Standard Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids

Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids

Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes

Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation

Standard Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)

Standard Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infrared Absorption

Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases

Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Liquid Used in Electrical Apparatus

Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation

Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Elements in Insulating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes

Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids

Life Management of Power Transformers

Guide for Life Management of Transformers

New Laboratory Methodologies for Investigating Insulating Liquids — D1.70 Webinar (Brochure 927)

The Condition of Solid Transformer Insulation at End-of-Life

Effect of Particles on Transformer Dielectric Strength

Dielectric Response Methods for Diagnostics of Power Transformers

Maintenance for HV Cables and Accessories

Ageing of Cellulose in Mineral-Oil Insulated Transformers

Moisture Equilibrium and Moisture Migration within Transformer Insulation Systems

Remaining Life Management of Existing AC Underground Lines

Thermal Performance of Transformers

HVDC Converter Transformers: Design Review, Test Procedures, Ageing Evaluation and Reliability in Service

Dielectric Response Diagnoses for Transformer Windings

Experiences in Service with New Insulating Liquids

DGA in Non-Mineral Insulating Liquids

Furanic Compounds for Diagnosis

Copper Sulphide Long Term Mitigation and Risk Assessment

A CIGRE brochure on managing copper sulphide risk in transformers — how it forms, how to assess the danger, and which long-term mitigations work.

Condition Assessment for Fluid-Filled Insulation in AC Cables

Guide on Transformer Intelligent Condition Monitoring (TICM) Systems

HVDC Transformer Insulation: Oil Conductivity

Transformer Post-Mortem Analysis

Ageing of liquid impregnated cellulose for power transformers

CIGRE working-group brochure on the ageing of liquid-impregnated cellulose insulation in power transformers.

Moisture measurement and assessment in transformer insulation

Transformer Bushing Reliability

Advances in DGA Interpretation

Current CIGRE consensus on DGA interpretation including the Duval Pentagon. Anchors our Duval Pentagon implementation and educational content.

Dielectric performance of insulating liquids for transformers

On-Site Assembly, On-Site Rebuild, and On-Site High Voltage Testing of Power Transformers

Asset health indices for equipment in existing substations

Improvements to PD measurements for factory and site acceptance tests of power transformers

Recommendations for Dielectric Testing of HVDC Gas-Insulated Cable Connection Assemblies

Guide for Transformer Maintenance, 2025 Edition

Power transformers – Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air

Insulating liquids - Determination of the breakdown voltage at power frequency - Test method

Tap-changers - Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods

Insulating liquids – Measurement of relative permittivity, dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) and d.c. resistivity

Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications — Mineral Insulating Oils

Specification for unused mineral insulating oils. Reference baseline for new-oil and post-treatment acceptance testing.

Mineral insulating oils in electrical equipment — Supervision and maintenance guidance

Categorises in-service mineral oil quality by colour, water, IFT, BDV, acidity and DDF. Drives our condition-assessment thresholds and trending reports.

Specifications for Unused Silicone Insulating Liquids

Insulating liquids - Specifications for unused liquids based on synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons

Guide for the Maintenance of Silicone Transformer Liquids

Specifications for Unused Synthetic Organic Esters for Electrical Purposes

The IEC specification setting acceptance requirements and test methods for unused synthetic organic ester insulating fluids.

Synthetic organic esters - Guidelines for maintenance and use in electrical equipment

Maintenance, supervision and condition classification of synthetic organic ester insulating liquids in electrical equipment.

Insulating Liquids — Determination of Dielectric Dissipation Factor

Fluids for electrotechnical applications - Unused natural esters for transformers and similar electrical equipment

The IEC specification defining quality requirements and test methods for unused natural ester insulating fluids in transformers.

Guidance on Interpretation of CO2 and 2-Furfuraldehyde as Markers of Paper Thermal Degradation

Natural Esters — Guidelines for Maintenance and Use in Electrical Equipment

Maintenance and supervision guidance for natural ester insulating liquids in sealed transformers and electrical equipment.

Interpretation of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) in natural and synthetic esters

IEEE Guide for the Use of Gas-in-Fluid Analysis for Paper and Laminated Paper-Polypropylene Insulated Cable Systems

IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of the Remaining Life of Impregnated Paper-Insulated Transmission Cable Systems

IEEE Guide for Field Testing and Evaluation of the Insulation of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above

IEEE Standard for Test Procedure for Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Mineral Oil in Electrical Equipment

IEEE's guide for acceptance and maintenance of insulating mineral oil in electrical equipment. Cross-referenced wherever IEC 60422 is applied.

IEEE Guide for Acceptance of Silicone Insulating Fluid and Its Maintenance in Transformers

IEEE guide for accepting silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) transformer fluid on delivery and maintaining its properties in service.

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in Transformers

IEEE Standard Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Tap-Changers

IEEE Guide for Evaluation and Reconditioning of Liquid Immersed Power Transformers

IEEE Guide for Interpretation of Gases Generated in Silicone-Immersed Transformers

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Insulating Liquid in Transformers

IEEE guide for acceptance testing and in-service maintenance of natural ester insulating liquid in transformers.

IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Fluid-Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors

IEEE Standard for the Design, Testing, and Application of Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers Using High-Temperature Insulation Systems and Operating at Elevated Temperatures

IEEE Guide for Interpretation of Gases Generated in Natural Ester and Synthetic Ester-Immersed Transformers

The IEEE guide for interpreting dissolved gases generated in natural ester and synthetic ester-immersed transformers.

IEEE Guide for the Reclamation of Mineral Insulating Oil and Criteria for Its Use

IEEE guide for reclaiming service-aged mineral insulating oil and the criteria governing reuse of the treated oil.

Evolution of Graphical Methods for DGA — A Review

The Duval Pentagon — A New Complementary Tool for DGA Interpretation

Significance and Detection of Very Low Degree of Polymerization of Paper in Transformers

Detection of Carbonization of Paper in Transformers Using Duval Pentagon 2 and Triangle 5

Developing a Power Transformer Low Energy Degradation Assessment Triangle

IEEE Standard for High-Voltage Testing Techniques