Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)

Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids

Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation

Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases

Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Liquid Used in Electrical Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Standard Test Method for the Determination of Gassing Characteristics of Insulating Liquids Under Thermal Stress

Life Management of Power Transformers

Guide for Life Management of Transformers

New Laboratory Methodologies for Investigating Insulating Liquids — D1.70 Webinar (Brochure 927)

Markers for Oxidation of Mineral Oil and Ester Fluids

The Condition of Solid Transformer Insulation at End-of-Life

Unified Pentagon for DGA Interpretation

Dielectric Response Methods for Diagnostics of Power Transformers

Maintenance for HV Cables and Accessories

Ageing of Cellulose in Mineral-Oil Insulated Transformers

Moisture Equilibrium and Moisture Migration within Transformer Insulation Systems

Remaining Life Management of Existing AC Underground Lines

Thermal Performance of Transformers

HVDC Converter Transformers: Design Review, Test Procedures, Ageing Evaluation and Reliability in Service

Dielectric Response Diagnoses for Transformer Windings

DGA in Non-Mineral Insulating Liquids

Furanic Compounds for Diagnosis

Oxidation Stability of Insulating Fluids

Copper Sulphide Long Term Mitigation and Risk Assessment

A CIGRE brochure on managing copper sulphide risk in transformers — how it forms, how to assess the danger, and which long-term mitigations work.

Condition Assessment for Fluid-Filled Insulation in AC Cables

Guide on Transformer Intelligent Condition Monitoring (TICM) Systems

Transformer Post-Mortem Analysis

Ageing of liquid impregnated cellulose for power transformers

CIGRE working-group brochure on the ageing of liquid-impregnated cellulose insulation in power transformers.

Transformer Bushing Reliability

Advances in DGA Interpretation

Current CIGRE consensus on DGA interpretation including the Duval Pentagon. Anchors our Duval Pentagon implementation and educational content.

Field experience with transformer solid insulation ageing markers

DGA Monitoring Systems

Asset health indices for equipment in existing substations

New Laboratory Methodologies for Investigating of Insulating Liquids

Thermal Aspects of Transformers

Guide for Transformer Maintenance, 2025 Edition

Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization

Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications — Mineral Insulating Oils

Specification for unused mineral insulating oils. Reference baseline for new-oil and post-treatment acceptance testing.

Oil-filled electrical equipment - Sampling of free gases and analysis of free and dissolved gases in mineral oils and other insulating liquids - Guidance

IEC standard guiding how free and dissolved gases are collected and analysed from mineral oils and other insulating liquids for DGA.

Mineral Oil-Filled Electrical Equipment — Guidance on DGA Interpretation

Defines fault-type identification via key-gas ratios for mineral-oil-filled transformers. Underpins our DGA interpretation workflow and the IEC 60599 ratio calculator.

Mineral insulating oils - Methods for the determination of 2-furfural and related compounds

Guidance on Interpretation of CO2 and 2-Furfuraldehyde as Markers of Paper Thermal Degradation

Natural Esters — Guidelines for Maintenance and Use in Electrical Equipment

Maintenance and supervision guidance for natural ester insulating liquids in sealed transformers and electrical equipment.

Insulating liquids – Quantitative determination of methanol and ethanol in insulating liquids

Interpretation of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) in natural and synthetic esters

IEEE Guide for the Use of Gas-in-Fluid Analysis for Paper and Laminated Paper-Polypropylene Insulated Cable Systems

IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of the Remaining Life of Impregnated Paper-Insulated Transmission Cable Systems

IEEE Standard for Test Procedure for Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers

IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Mineral Oil-Immersed Transformers

IEEE's guide for DGA interpretation in mineral-oil-immersed transformers. Cross-referenced wherever IEC 60599 is applied.

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Mineral Oil in Electrical Equipment

IEEE's guide for acceptance and maintenance of insulating mineral oil in electrical equipment. Cross-referenced wherever IEC 60422 is applied.

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in Transformers

IEEE Guide for Dissolved Gas Analysis in Transformer Load Tap Changers

IEEE Guide for Evaluation and Reconditioning of Liquid Immersed Power Transformers

IEEE Guide for Interpretation of Gases Generated in Silicone-Immersed Transformers

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Insulating Liquid in Transformers

IEEE guide for acceptance testing and in-service maintenance of natural ester insulating liquid in transformers.

IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Fluid-Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors

IEEE Guide for Interpretation of Gases Generated in Natural Ester and Synthetic Ester-Immersed Transformers

The IEEE guide for interpreting dissolved gases generated in natural ester and synthetic ester-immersed transformers.

IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers and Step-Voltage Regulators

Evolution of Graphical Methods for DGA — A Review

Influence of Paper Insulation on Acceptable Gas-In-Oil Levels in Transformers

Dissolved Gas Analysis — It Can Save Your Transformer

Acceptable Gas-In-Oil Levels in Instrument Transformers

Interpretation of Gas-In-Oil Analysis Using New IEC 60599 and IEC TC 10 Databases

A Review of Faults Detectable by Gas-in-Oil Analysis in Transformers

Improving the Reliability of Transformer Gas-in-Oil Diagnosis

Calculation of DGA Limit Values and Sampling Intervals in Transformers in Service

The Duval Triangle for Load Tap Changers, Non-Mineral Oils and Low Temperature Faults

The Duval Pentagon — A New Complementary Tool for DGA Interpretation

The Duval Pentagon — A New Complementary Tool for the Interpretation of DGA in Transformers

Significance and Detection of Very Low Degree of Polymerization of Paper in Transformers

The New Duval Pentagons Available for DGA Diagnosis in Mineral and Ester Oils

Identification of Arcing Faults in Paper and Oil Using Duval Pentagons Part I

Gas Formation from Arcing Faults in Transformers Part II

Detection of Carbonization of Paper in Transformers Using Duval Pentagon 2 and Triangle 5

Developing a Power Transformer Low Energy Degradation Assessment Triangle